SuptulungSamkha

  The Mythological Character Barbarik and Yalung Hang (King Yalambar)  Yalung Hang Yalambar hang   Meaning of "Barbarik" Barbarik is a character from the mythological epic Mahabharata . However, the belief that Barbarik was the Kirat king Yalambar is a misconception and a false narrative. The word "Barbarik" has 67 synonyms and opposite meanings . Its synonyms include words like uncivilized, savage, and wild . Meaning of Barbarik in Sanskrit Barbar = Uncivilized, Evil Ik = A person Barbar + Ik = Barbarik The origin of the word Barbarik comes from Latin : Latin = "Barbaros" Meaning = Evil Thus, Barbarik is a derogatory term. Meaning in Greek In Greek, Barbarik is referred to as Barbarikas , with the same meaning. Example: A Barbarik would be someone who eats children alive. Sources: The English Heritage, The Dictionary of English Heritage Illustrated Encyclopedia, 1977 The Historical Perspective The Greeks used the term Ba...

The ancient Kirat country, as mentioned in Kirat history, extended from the western region of Kashmir to the eastern region of Myanmar, along the foothills of the Himalayas. Among Nepal's indigenous communities, the Kiratis have the most solid and well-documented history, dating back to 800 BC (800 years before Christ), which is approximately 833 years before the start of the AD era or 833 years before the death of Christ. In Kathmandu, the Kirat King Yalambar established the Kirat rule, a period that predates the birth of Lord Gautam Buddha by 177 years and the birth of the Muslim prophet Muhammad by 1,404 years.  While other indigenous communities have histories, it is difficult to find well-documented evidence. In Nepal's history, the Kiratis are the only indigenous community to have ruled the Kathmandu Valley. The Kirat dynasty, with 29 rulers (some sources mention 32 Kirat kings), had the longest reign in the Kathmandu Valley. After their defeat in the war with the Lichchh...

  Bokhha/Radu Lung / Bopkha (Marcha)" in Kirat Rai culture In the Kirati community, the traditional alcohol called "Jad" is essential from birth to death rituals. To make Jad, the primary ingredient required is "Marcha." Making Jad first and foremost requires Marcha, which has been developed after centuries of long study and research.   It is an important invention in itself. In the marcha, necessary plants and grains such as bhosmari flower, jackfruit pulp, chitu, millet flour, wheat, beljam, etc., are ground into powder and prepared. The selection of necessary plant species and the proper adjustment of their mixing ratio was not possible in a short time. Radu Lung = Kirati Marcha. Sivunam = Titepati (Mugwort). Subuku = Pure Water. According to the religion, rituals, customs, and culture of Chulho Pujak Rai people, during various purification ceremonies or cleansing rituals, a mixture of Titepati (Artemisia), Kirati Marcha, and pure water has traditiona...

  **Guns and the Limbu Community [Limbu Culture] Yakthung Culture**   In the past, when there was no access to modern communication methods, the Limbu community used the sound of gunfire to exchange news. A single gunshot was understood to convey bad news or the occurrence of a death, while multiple consecutive gunshots (two to four) signaled good news or a celebratory event like a wedding.   The decade-long People's War significantly impacted this tradition. During this period, all guns in the villages were confiscated overnight by the Maoists. Many guns were hidden for 9-10 years out of fear of the Maoists and the police administration. As a result, the use of guns in the Limbu community became rare, and the tradition nearly disappeared.   However, the good news is that this Limbu cultural tradition, which reflects the community's identity, is being revived. The traditional use of guns during times of joy and sorrow is being reintroduced in the Limbu...

**Kirati Civilization: Historical Palaces, Forts, and Sacred Sites**   The Kirati civilization, with its rich history is marked by numerous historical palaces, forts, and sacred power centers (Mang) that hold immense cultural and spiritual significance. However, many of these historical and cultural sites have faced encroachment and neglect over time.   Kirat Civilization   **The Kirati Civilization: The Foundation of Nepal's Ancient History**   Historical records indicates that the Kirati people were the pioneers of human civilization in ancient Nepal. The history of Nepal officially begins with the ancient Kirati human civilization and their historical contributions. Therefore, the ancient Kirati civilization and history are as old as Nepali civilization and history itself.   **Development of Human Civilization in Ancient Nepal**   During the Kirati period in ancient Nepal, the Kirati people established a well-developed civilizati...

  **Kirati People and Their Mundum Culture**   According to Kirati Mundum traditions, during festivals like **Udhauli-Ubhauli**, **Sakela Puja**, and **Pitri Tinchula Suptulung Puja**, the Kirati people used to offer the meat of cows and oxen as sacrifices. The Kirati period is the most ancient and well-documented era in Nepal's history. From the first Kirati king, **Yalambar Hang**, to the 32nd king, **Gasti**, the Kirati dynasty ruled the Kathmandu Valley, then known as **Yalakhom**, under a unified kingdom.   The Kirati people worshipped at **Sakela Thaan** (sacred sites) by offering cows and oxen.   **Kirati Civilization and Traditions**   Since ancient times, the Kirati civilization has been deeply rooted in **Mundum**, the indigenous spiritual and cultural practices of the Kirati people. They have preserved their original customs and traditions, which are based on their Mundum beliefs.   - **Nature Worship: ** The Kirati peopl...

  Our Identity is Under Threat Due to the Inefficiency of Our Own Rai and Kirati Organizations   At first glance, one might think this place is a worship site for Lamas, but in truth, this is the origin site of Kirati Saya (Shir) Mundum—Silichung. Here, blatant religious encroachment is taking place! The encroachment has spread from Salpa Pokhari to Silichung and is now beginning to reach Tuwachung as well.   **Note:**   This highlights the urgent need for the Kirati community to recognize and protect their cultural and spiritual heritage. If we do not act now, our traditions and identity will continue to be eroded by external influences. **Tuwachung - Khotang, Halesi**   I t is astonishing that, to this day, no Kirati Mundum-related structures or objects have been established at Silichung. However, Lamas have already hoisted flags and prayer scarves there. If the Lamas claim that Silichung is explicitly mentioned in their Tripitaka, they should ...

 ** Lemlemmā ** is a word from the Bantawa language. "Lemlemmā" refers to a sweet, enchanting, and influential female figure who speaks with a captivating sweetness and has the power to charm and influence others. Lemlemmā is a divine being capable of taking on various forms.   The Kirat Rai community is rich in myths and legends. Numerous myths have been passed down through generations in this community, many of which are related to animals, plants, stones, rivers, and streams. Other myths revolve around supernatural entities such as ghosts, spirits, demons, and witches.   In the past, the primary means of livelihood for people were agriculture, animal husbandry, and hunting. To sustain their lives, people had to engage in farming, grazing livestock, collecting grass and firewood, and hunting.   At night, to protect their livestock from attacks by tigers and bears, people would gather around large bonfires, joining hands and sharing sweet, entertainin...